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我国专家进行了系统分析后发现，ω-3脂肪酸虽能有效降低甘油三酯水平，但临床随机对照研究显示其在降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险的获益结果不一，同时，其在心力衰竭、心律失常、心肌病、高血压、心脏性猝死等心血管疾病防治中的价值仍存困惑。因此目前我国专家共识认为，目前证据仅支持高纯度和高剂量的 EPA 治疗可能为动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)患者带来心血管获益，但ω-3脂肪酸治疗其他心血管疾病(如心律失常、心肌病、高血压、心脏性猝死等)的作用尚需进一步研究[10]。

鱼虾等水产品中 DHA 是最丰富的，还能提供优质蛋白、维生素 A、铁、锌等微量营养素，如果条件允许，每天吃点鱼虾当然是最好的。我国膳食指南建议[14]，成年人平均每天摄入总量120~200g，相当于每周吃鱼2次或300~500g。孕期可以适当增加，每周至少2-3次鱼类。此外，紫苏油、亚麻籽油中α-亚麻酸也可以转化成ω-3脂肪酸，平时也可以换着吃。

[1] Kwak SM, Myung SK, Lee YJ, Seo HG; Korean Meta-analysis Study Group. Efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2012 May 14;172(9)：686-94. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2012.262. PMID: 22493407.

[2] Evangelos C. Rizos, et al .Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012;308(10)：1024-1033. doi:10.1001/2012.jama.11374

[3] Aung T,et al. Associations of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplement Use With Cardiovascular Disease Risks: Meta-analysis of 10 Trials Involving 77 917 Individuals.JAMA Cardiol. 2018 Mar 1;3(3)：225-234.

[4] Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM, Christen W, Bassuk SS, Mora S, Gibson H, Albert CM, Gordon D, Copeland T, D'Agostino D, Friedenberg G, Ridge C, Bubes V, Giovannucci EL, Willett WC, Buring JE; VITAL Research Group. Marine n-3 Fatty Acids and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019 Jan 3;380(1)：23-32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1811403. Epub 2018 Nov 10. PMID: 30415637; PMCID: PMC6392053.

[5] Abdelhamid AS, Brown TJ, Brainard JS, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020;(3)：CD003177. Accessed at cochranelibrary.comLink to External Link Policy on November 11, 2023.

[7] Omega-3 acid ethyl esters - containing medicinal products for oral in use in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction[EB/OL]. (2019-02-01) [2022-06-01].

[9] Eric B. Rimm,et al. Seafood Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;May 17.

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